PSE is glad to welcome the Paris-London Public Economics Conference co-organized by Sciences Po - Department of Economics, London School of Economics (LSE), Institut des Politiques Publiques (IPP), University College London (UCL), Institute For Fiscal Studies (IFS) and PSE - Paris School of Economics. The event will take place on the Jourdan campus from December 12 to December 14, 2019.

PSE (Paris School of Economics) Annual Conference on Digital Issues: "Digital Transformations" on the 18-19th December 2019 at PSE.

On November 25th, 2019, from 6 to 7:30 pm, join us for the presentation of the book “Les origines du populisme”, in the presence of Yann Algan, Elizabeth Beasley, and Daniel Cohen at PSE (Paris School of Economics).

The OECD, the CEPII (the French Research Center in International Economics), and their partners from the University of Lille (LEM), Paris School of Economics, Fondazione Rodolfo De Benedetti, University of Luxembourg and IRES (Université Catholique de Louvain) are jointly organizing the 9th Annual Conference on "Immigration in OECD Countries" on December 12-13, 2019

Scientific day organized by the Plateforme Nationale de la Recherche sur la fin de vie on the 4th of December 2019 at the Ministry of Solidarities and Health

AFD conference "Inequality and redistribution in low and middle-income countries" on Monday 4 November

Annual conference of the Conseil d'orientation des retraites (COR) "Women and retirement" on the 2sd December 2019 from 9.30 am to 6 pm

Seminar about "Fertility and Labor Market Responses to Reductions of Mortality" presented by Selma Walther, Sonia Bhalotra et Atheen Venkataramani and organized by LEM MOF-ADP at the University of Lille on the 22nd October of 2019.

The next Biennale organizes by the Céreq will take place on the 19th of March 2020 in Paris and the subject will be: "Does the company enhance your skills ?"

Group VYV organizes a seminar entitled "Longevity, a new challenge for health insurance" on the next 23rd of October.

Lecture "Why do Stock Market Jump (and Trump's impact on Markets) ?" by Nicholas Bloom professor at Stanford University on the 5th of December at the Paris School of Economics (PSE).

The CEPREMAP (Centre pour la recherche économique et ses applications) and the IPP(Institut des Politiques Publiques) will host at Paris School of Economics (PSE) a conference about the evaluation of the 2020 budget. Three papers will be presented followed by a panel discussion.

Conference organized by the CNAM (National Conservatory of arts and works)

Conference "Active ageing!" organized by TDTE Chaire, Aésio Group and Caisse des Dépôts, on October 15th in Paris

Conference in Maison de la Chimie, Paris, "Seniors and societies meetings : how to tackle the challenge of demographic ageing ?", on October 8th, organized by M&M Conseil

International Workshop "Putting Well-being metrics into Policy Action" organized by OECD Conference Centre, in Paris, October 3rd and 4th

Conference "Dynamics and social disruptions of longevity" organized by Silver Valley and CNAV Ile-de France, on September 27th

John F. Helliwell summarizes the philosophical and empirical grounds for giving a primary role to the evaluations that people make of the quality of their lives. These evaluations permit comparisons among communities, regions, nations and population subgroups, enable the estimation of the relative importance of various sources of happiness, and provide a well-being lens to aid the choice of public policies to support well-being. Available results expose the primacy of social determinants of happiness, and especially the power of generosity and other positive social connections to improve the levels, distribution and sustainability of well-being.

Since the early 1990’s the growth rates of the four largest European economies—France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom—have slowed. This persistent slowdown suggests a low-frequency structural change is at work. A combination of longer individual life expectancies and declining fertility have led to gradually ageing populations. Demographic change affects economic growth directly through households savings and labor supply decisions and also growth indirectly through the pension systems and the need to fund them. Tax increases to balance budgets will impose additional distortions to individual factor-supply choices. Thomas F. Cooley, Espen Henriksen and Charlie Nusbaum quantify the growth effects from aging and from the financing of public pensions, and we estimate the welfare gains from pension reforms.

Thomas C. Buchmueller, Helen G. Levy and Robert G. Valletta examine how a key provision of the Affordable Care Act--the expansion of Medicaid eligibility--affected health insurance coverage, access to care, and labor market transitions of unemployed workers. Comparing trends in states that implemented the Medicaid expansion to those that did not, they find that the ACA Medicaid expansion substantially increased insurance coverage and improved access to health care among unemployed workers. They then test whether this strengthening of the safety net affected transitions from unemployment to employment or out of the labor force. They find no meaningful statistical evidence in support of moral hazard effects that reduce job finding or labor force attachment.

The authors study the relationships between ageist stereotypes – as reflected in the language used in job ads – and age discrimination in hiring, exploiting the text of job ads and differences in callbacks to older and younger job applicants from a previous resume (correspondence study) field experiment (Neumark, Burn, and Button, 2019). This analysis uses methods from computational linguistics and machine learning to directly identify, in a field-experiment setting, ageist stereotypes that underlie age discrimination in hiring. They find evidence that language related to stereotypes of older workers sometimes predicts discrimination against older workers. For men, their evidence points most strongly to age stereotypes about physical ability, communication skills, and technology predicting age discrimination, and for women, age stereotypes about communication skills and technology. The method they develop provides a framework for applied researchers analyzing textual data, highlighting the usefulness of various computer science techniques for empirical economics research.

This theoretical work by Morten Nyborg Støstad is interested in this problem and reveals how certain economic models are affected if inequalities concern the whole population. Despite the political challenges they represent, the societal effects of inequality are ignored in almost all basic economic models. For example, the uneven distribution of income may be the cause of populism and the social unrest seen in the United States, Chile and Western Europe. Health consequences, crime rate, innovation and many other variables could also be influenced by inequality, both positively and negatively.

A key goal of a higher minimum wage is income redistribution towards low-income families. Existing research on the minimum wage focuses on the impact on affected workers, but is silent on the incomes of the owners of businesses who pay for a higher minimum wage. Higher minimum wages will do more to redistribute income if the owners of businesses who pay the higher minimum are at the top of the income distribution, and conversely if minimum wage employers hare relatively low incomes, the redistributional effects are weakened. The authors study evidence on this question using a unique administrative dataset on the universe of tax records for Israel, in the period surrounding a large minimum wage increase. They find that the minimum wage hike reduced profits of companies, with minimum-wage intensive companies bearing the bulk of the cost and adjusting their workforces more aggressively, and profits declining more for lower-income business owners. Moreover, owners of businesses with higher shares of minimum-wage workers ranked at the bottom of the income distribution of business owners, and their incomes were comparable to those of mid-to-high level workers. In most cases, spouses of business owners earn less than the owners while spouses of minimum-wage workers earn more, further reducing the redistributive effect of the minimum wage increase.

Education at a Glance provides data on the structure, finances and performance of education systems across OECD countries and a number of partner economies.

Aesio Group, with the collaboration of the TDTE Chair, published recently Aesio Longevity Booklets. These booklets suggest ten propositions and initiatives in order to make successful the longevity society. The purposes of these initiatives are multiple: make possible the access to an adapted ageing life-course, make prevention and the concern for self a global priority to improve life expectancy in good health. And finally, it promotes elderlies' engagement which is a factor of inclusion and well-being, and delays loss of autonomy.

Each topic introduces innovative experiments to rethink our society and constitutes a set of good practices to ensure an ageing well future for our grandparents.

Ian Burn, Patrick Button, Luis Felipe Munguia Corella and David Neumark study the relationships between ageist stereotypes – as reflected in the language used in job ads – and age discrimination in hiring, exploiting the text of job ads and differences in callbacks to older and younger job applicants from a previous resume (correspondence study) field experiment (Neumark, Burn, and Button, 2019). Their analysis uses methods from computational linguistics and machine learning to directly identify, in a field-experiment setting, ageist stereotypes that underlie age discrimination in hiring. They find evidence that language related to stereotypes of older workers sometimes predicts discrimination against older workers. For men, evidence points most strongly to age stereotypes about physical ability, communication skills, and technology predicting age discrimination, and for women, age stereotypes about communication skills and technology.

Since the early 1990’s the growth rates of the four largest European economies—France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom—have slowed. This persistent slowdown suggests a low-frequency structural change is at work. A combination of longer individual life expectancies and declining fertility have led to gradually ageing populations. Demographic change affects economic growth directly through households savings and labor supply decisions and also growth indirectly through the pension systems and the need to fund them. Tax increases to balance budgets will impose additional distortions to individual factor-supply choices. The authors quantify the growth effects from aging and from the financing of public pensions, and they estimate the welfare gains from pension reforms.

In 2015 the Italian government adopted an important reform of the labor market, named "Jobs Act".This reform introduces a 3-year exemption from social security charges for permanent hires, including for the conversion of fixed-term contracts into permanent contracts. It also introduces universal unemployment insurance on the model of other European countries.

Cooperate to better orient: zoom on the local practices of the CEP actors. The goal of career development consulting (CEP) is to provide personalized support for any worker, whether employed or not, in their professional development project. Its success implies developing exchanges between operators who are often divided into fields of action. Although the CEP seems to have intensified cooperation at national level, this is not always the case at the regional and local levels. While in 2020 the regional landscape of the operators responsible for the CEP evolves, a Céreq study looks at the diversity of practices at the local level.

Health at a Glance compares key indicators for population health and health system performance across OECD members, candidate and partner countries. It highlights how countries differ in terms of the health status and health-seeking behaviour of their citizens; access to and quality of health care; and the resources available for health. The analysis is based on the latest comparable data across 80 indicators, with data coming from official national statistics, unless otherwise stated. Alongside indicator-by-indicator analysis, an overview chapter summarises the comparative performance of countries and major trends, including how much health spending is associated with staffing, access, quality and health outcomes. This edition also includes a special focus on patient-reported outcomes and experiences, with a thematic chapter on measuring what matters for people-centred health systems.

Through the coordination of work of a team of analysts in twelve countries for nearly twenty years, the International Social Security (ISS) project has used the vast differences in social security programs across countries as a natural laboratory to study the effects of retirement program provisions on the labor force participation of older persons. This analysis is the seventh phase of the ongoing project, and it is focused on the health capacity to work at older ages.

The authors conducted a systematic review of studies reporting the direct healthcare costs of treating older adults with diagnosed Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) within private Medicare managed care plans.

The first contributions of the follow-up of the Generation 2010:

What has happened to the young people who exit the education system in 2010, at every level of the formation, with or without a degree? What can the 7 first years of active life teach us about the structural transformations of the labor market? How the difficult environment has weighted on their career path? The latest results of the Generation 2010 survey of the Cereq give us information about the professional integration of a more and more graduate youth and who see the gap between the diploma level widening.

Due to population ageing, weakening of family-based support, and other factors, old-age income support is becoming an issue of growing importance throughout Asia. This is especially true in East Asia and Southeast Asia where the demographic transition is already well under way. This paper provides a broad overview of the current state of the pension systems in People’s Republic of China, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam; diagnoses the pension systems; and identifies their major structural weaknesses. Key systemic failures were found to be low coverage, inadequate benefits, lack of financial sustainability, and insufficient support for the elderly poor. The paper concludes with some specific policy directions for pension reform to strengthen the capacity of Asian pension systems in delivering economic security for the looming large and growing army of the elderly in the region.

The demographic dividend that contributed substantially to economic growth in developing Asia in the past is dissipating. Population aging affects growth through savings, capital accumulation, labor force participation, and total factor productivity. Donghyun Park and Kwanho Shin examined the impact of aging on those four channels in 12 developing Asian economies that collectively make up the bulk of the region’s population and output. We then made projections about the effects of demographic change on the economic growth of the 12 from 2011 to 2020 and from 2021 to 2030. Their results indicate that there will be a sizable adverse economic impact where population aging is more advanced.

Working consistently through one’s fifties and early sixties is key to attaining retirement security. However, workers also need access to retirement plans – so they can continue to accumulate resources – and health insurance – so they can avoid withdrawing assets in the event of a health shock. Yet, despite the fact that a large literature focuses on nontraditional jobs that often lack these benefits, it is unclear how older workers use these jobs and what the consequences are. This paper uses the Health and Retirement Study to identify nontraditional jobs and relies on sequence analysis to explore how workers ages 50-62 use them. The results suggest that the majority of nontraditional jobs are used by workers consistently and that fewer workers use these jobs briefly or as a bridge to retirement. In the end, workers consistently in nontraditional jobs end up with less retirement income and are also worse off by a more holistic measure of well-being – the incidence of depression. Given this situation, expanding benefits to workers in non-traditional jobs could increase their well-being in retirement.

In a global warming context, we pay increasing attention to the carbon dioxide emissions linked to road transport. In this article, Camille Blaudin de Thé, Benjamin Carantino and Miren Lafourcade study the impact of the urban form and the size of the cities on carbon emissions coming from the traffic in France. Using the data of the "Budget Families" conducted by the INSEE in 2001 and 2006, they estimate that the households living in peri-urban or rural areas consume, on year average, 400 liters of fuel more than the households living in city centers, all others things being equal. If the carbon footprint of the households is indeed smaller in the denser area, a "durable" urbanization policy doesn't have to be reduced to a simple cities compaction. The authors show that very different urban forms can lead to the same carbon footprint of households.

According to the INSEE ", 4 million elderlies with loss of autonomy would be identified in 2050" in France: in this paper, the INSEE gives its first estimations and the repartition in France of this person with loss of autonomy.

"Everyday in France, almost 11 million people take care of an aged, sick or disabled relative." In her book "Aidants, ces invisibles", Doctor Hélène Rossinot talks about the sujbect of caregivers, their place and status in the society, their funding or the fragile relationship between caregiver-patient-medicine staff.

"This paper presents results based on a survey fielded in the RAND American Life Panel that queried older workers about their current, desired, and expected job characteristics, and about how certain job characteristics would affect their retirement. Having access to flexible work hours was found to be the most consistent predictor of retirement expectations. For example, we estimated that the fraction of individuals working after age 70 would be 32.2% if all workers had flexible hours, while the fraction working would be 17.2% if none had the option of flexible hours. We further found that job stress, physical and cognitive job demands, the option to telecommute, and commuting times were also strong predictors of retirement expectations. By comparing workers’ current job characteristics with those that individuals desire, we show that people would like preretirement jobs to be less cognitively and physically demanding and more sociable compared to their current jobs. We also find that most workers worry about their health and the demands of their jobs when they think about their future work trajectory, but relatively few were worried that their employers would retain them. Having access to part-time jobs, and expected longevity were less important predictors of retirement."

"The U.S. economy has recently experienced two, seemingly unrelated, phenomena: a large increase in post-retirement life expectancy and a major expansion in securitization and shadow banking activities. We argue they are intimately related. Agents rely on financial intermediaries to save for post-retirement consumption. When expecting to live longer, they rely more heavily on intermediaries that use securitization, with riskier but higher returns. A quantitative evaluation of the model shows the potential of the demographic transition to account for a boom in credit and output, but only when it triggers a more extensive use of securitization and shadow banking."

This resource for NHS and public health professionals focuses on taking a life course approach to the prevention of ill health and explores the evidence base for this approach. The resource signposts to evidence-based interventions and tools, as well as to evaluation and monitoring techniques.

Working Paper: "Impact of Defaults in Retirement Saving Plans: Public Employee Plans", Robert L. Clark, Denis Pelletier, the National Bureau of Economic Research

Following the 2019 international Symposium, we have the pleasure to share the proceedings with you. They present the discussions and propositions made along the Symposium. Please find them attached below (on the TDTE Chair website).

Have a good reading